were attributed white native characteristics, their wages would be considerably lower. The substantial employment gap … born children exhibit lower employment probabilities than their white native born peers. However, significant differences … exist across immigrant/ethnic groups and genders. British born ethnic minorities appear to have slightly higher wages than …

currently living abroad, which allows us to develop region-specific emigration rates and estimate emigration's effect on wages …-level skills and that it is wages for this skill group that increased most. We also show that emigration led to a slight increase … in wages overall but that workers at the low end of the skill distribution made no gains and may actually have …