With serious impacts of climate change looming in a few decades, but current poverty still high in the developing world …, we ask how to spend development aid earmarked for the poor. Poverty reduction tends to be strongly linked to economic …-resilient and less environmentally damaging deliver large scale poverty reduction? Can aid be used for effective poverty reduction …

We explore how to measure poverty over time, by focusing on trajectories of poverty rather than poverty at a particular … characterization of desirable properties for measuring poverty across these spells, as well as an explicit discussion of three issues … vulnerability, defined as the threat of poverty over time, that incorporates risk. An application to data from Ethiopia shows that …