) that tracks the same individuals over time to assess how individuals from different income and wealth groups respond to … life and financial shocks with respect to volunteering. Although both income and wealth can act as buffers against life …-we observe more heterogeneity than expected and also stickiness at the lowest income levels. Response delays in post …

alternative approach is to use the accounting identity that total household spending is equal to income plus capital gains minus … on income and wealth to other administrative data with information on financial and real estate transactions. Using this … second is a study of the transmission of income shocks to household consumption. …