The Classical Equations describe output and income in real terms. To use them to analyse aggregate demand, the transactions they describe must be 'monetised'. A sum of money equal to the wage bill of the capital goods sector can be shown to be necessary and sufficient to carry out all...

The evolving response of the UK fiscal authorities to the financial crisis and recession are briefly outlined with a focus on the fiscal austerity programme introduced by the incoming Coalition government during 2010. The reasoning for that programme is critically examined and largely dismissed....

This paper focuses on an alternative perspective on inflation to that of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). It indicates that there are no automatic forces leading to a level of aggregate demand consistent with constant inflation. Inflationary pressures arise from...

This paper proposes an alternative stability and growth pact to the one which accompanied the introduction of the euro in January 1999. The latter is part of the third stage of economic and monetary union and, will govern the economic policies of the member countries which have joined the single...

This paper reviews the final two volumes of Kalecki's Collected Works. It first discusses, based on the papers in Vol. VI, his contributions on cartels, on Nazi Germany, the development of indices of business fluctuations and of national income accounts, and the movement of prices and costs over...

This paper considers the nature and role of monetary policy when money is modelled as credit money endogenously created within the private sector. There are currently two schools of thought that view money as endogenous: one has been labelled the 'new consensus' in macroeconomics, and the other...

Monetary policy has become firmly based on the use of interest rate as the key policy instrument, and in a one instrument--one target framework. The approach to monetary policy is closely associated with the new consensus in macroeconomics (NCM). This paper undertakes a critical appraisal of the...

This paper seeks to evaluate the strength of the case for a financial transactions tax, judged against the three rationales which have been proposed for such a tax: the excessive volume of short-term foreign exchange transactions and their effects on exchange rate volatility; the revenue-raising...