Using data from German manufacturing establishments, this article examines the relationship between works councils and employment growth. Taking the endogeneity of councils into account, the estimates show a positive growth effect of works councils. This suggests that the performance-enhancing...

Why are women disproportionately on piece rates? We investigate three possible explanations: (1) Women are more likely to be on piece rates, because they have a shorter expected tenure than men. (2) A greater demand for flexibility between work and home attracts women to work place technologies...