The aim of this article is the development of models for converging economies. After discussing models of balanced growth, univariate models of the gap between per capital income in two economies are examined. The preferred models combine unobserved components with an error correction mechanism...

We examine the properties of a multivariate Dickey-Fuller t-statistic designed to test for a unit root in a panel while taking account of cross-sectional dependence. The asymptotic distribution is presented and critical values provided. When intercepts are present, a modification along the lines...

This article reports the results of fitting unobserved components (structural) time series models to data on real income per capita in eight regions of the United States. The aim is to establish stylised facts about cycles and convergence. A new model is developed in which convergence components...