On both sides of the Atlantic the regulation of gas transmission networks has undergone major changes since the early … 1990’s. Whereas in the US the long-standing regime of cost-plus regulation was complemented by increasing pipe …-to-pipe competition, most European countries moved towards incentive regulation complemented by market integration. We study the impact of …

been a shift from conventional rate of return regulation, and from earnings sharing schemes with profits caps, to prices …

Relatively little is known about the practice of settlement rather than litigation in US utility regulation, or about … utility regulation generally, even outside the US context. …

are not simply a more efficient way of doing the same thing as regulation. Rather, they involve considerable innovation …

the regulation of monopoly networks is feasible, and the scope for it may be greater than generally appreciated. However …

Demsetz (1968) advocated competitive bidding as a replacement for natural monopoly regulation. Williamson (1976) and … Goldberg (1976) argued that these problems of natural monopoly regulation are inherent in long-term investment under … uncertainty, and that both long- and short-term franchising contracts may be more problematic than regulation. Williams …

the generation, transmission and distribution sectors, as well as the economic regulation of electricity and the general …