been a shift from conventional rate of return regulation, and from earnings sharing schemes with profits caps, to prices …

Relatively little is known about the practice of settlement rather than litigation in US utility regulation, or about … utility regulation generally, even outside the US context. …

The world-wide electricity sector reforms have led to a search for alternative and innovative approaches to regulation … to promote efficiency improvement in the natural monopoly electricity networks. A number of countries have used incentive … regulation models based on efficiency benchmarking of the electricity network utilities. While most regulators have opted adopted …

performance than privatisation alone. Regulation id inevitably inefficient, and adequately competitive network services may … sustain. Theory and evidence suggest that pricing network access and use is difficult., risking foreclosure without regulation …

are not simply a more efficient way of doing the same thing as regulation. Rather, they involve considerable innovation …

contrast to other European member states, there is no ex-ante regulation of network access charges. Instead, network access … relies on industrial self-regulation and ex-post control by the Cartel Office. The paper modifies the concept of regulatory …