mitigation measures, such as carbon prices applied to bunker fuels in the range of 10 to 50 USD/ton of carbon dioxide, might … increase maritime transport costs by 0.4 percent to 16 percent. However, this would only marginally increase the import prices …

of fuel subsidies, cross-border electricity trade, and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in line with commitments … under the Paris Agreement. The analysis uses a power system planning model that minimizes the total electricity supply cost … region would save between USD 26.3 billion and USD 27.5 billion, measured in 2018 prices, by removing subsidies of natural …