With increasing sophistication, economists have been estimating gravity equations for five decades. Robust evidence shows that borders and distance impede trade by much more than tariffs or transports costs can explain. We therefore advocate investigation of other sources of resistance, despite...

In an effort to stimulate trade, Canada has conducted regular trade missions starting in 1994, often led by the Prime Minister. According to the Canadian government, these missions generated tens of billions of dollars in new business deals. This paper uses bilateral trade data to assess this...

In this paper, the authors investigate the welfare consequences of horizontal mergers and other production relationships between firms based in different nations. They specify the critical share of consumption a nation must represent to veto mergers that raise price and reduce world welfare. The...

Immigrants may expand trade with their country of origin, owing to superior knowledge of, or preferential access to, market opportunities. The authors test this proposition using Canadian trade data with 136 partners from 1980 to 1992. In an augmented gravity equation, they find that a 10...

In this paper, we measure market access between the United States, the EU, and Japan (the Triad), using the effect of national borders on trade patterns. We investigate overall and industry-level trends of bilateral trade openness and provide explanations for those using proxies for bilateral...