This study analyzes the impact of international trade on the diffusion of flexible manufacturing in a general equilibrium framework. Suppliers produce a flexible base product that can be adapted to the specific input requirements of a continuum of downstream industries. The vertical structure is...

The retail sectors in many industrialized countries have experienced a large increase in concentration and the appearance of so-called "retail deserts", areas of low retail provision. This study addresses the role of international trade in this process. The analysis shows that by raising product...