During 1992-97 external assistance in education contributed less than 5 per cent of the total of Rs 9,201 crore spent by the government (central and state) on elementary education. Of this a major chunk of Rs 450 crore was in the form of loans from the World Bank. According to government...

The paper examines the role played by of classroom environment in the development of a teacher. The paper studies the concept of 'teacher development' in India. URL:[http://www.eruindia.org/files/Teacher%20booklet%20edited%20final%2028%20Oct%2008.pdf].

This document is at the behest of KMVS and is an effort to hold up a mirror to their journey. It is a documentation of their history, context, evolution, and experiences since its emergence in 1989. Additionally, it is also an attempt to critically foreground and map out the conceptual...

Evaluations of Balika Shikshan Shivir of Lok Jumbish Rajasthan was carried out with the objective of capturing the tangible and intangible outcomes, areas of concern thrown up by this experience and most importantly identify lessons for replication of this model in Rajasthan.

This study tried to bring together the experiences of different approaches to incentives followed by six NGOs in the states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Issues dealing with incentives and the hidden cost of education have been explored with a view to gaining...

The current paper is an attempt to capture the process of child development along the age continuum of 0 to 11, with special reference to children living in diverse poverty situations.

While the decline in infrastructure, functionality, quality and attitudes affect all children, given the prevailing social inequalities and hierarchies, these factors affect poor children and among them girls much more that they affect the more privileged sections of society, who increasingly...

This paper is based on a recent study on teacher motivation in India, which is part of an international research project on this topic covering 12 countries in South Asia and Africa. This study is based on review of government data, policy documents and published material on India and interviews...

A major challenge in achieving universal education lies in ensuring that girls who have missed the school bus or simply got off the bus too early, can realise their right to quality, basic education. This paper reviews several key initiatives in the last decade to reach out to out-of-school...

The active participation of children in primary education hinges on a plethora of factors. Physical access is just one dimension. Children do not attend school regularly, and even if they do, they do not learn very much because of a range of supply and demand issues. Let us begin with the...