equalizing in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay and also in Chile, Costa Rica and Ecuador but, in the latter, their effect is small … countries tend to redistribute more. Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Peru redistribute below the trend …; Chile, Ecuador and Mexico are on trend; and, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica and Uruguay redistribute above the trend. Fiscal …

), especially when compared with that found in Western Europe (15 percentage points on average). What prevents Argentina, Bolivia …, and Brazil from achieving similar reductions in inequality is not the lack of revenues but the fact that they spend less …

studies for Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico suggest two main phenomena underlie this trend: a fall in the premium to skilled …

-off households in Brazil opting out of public services due to quality concerns rather than a result of government effort to make …We perform the first comprehensive fiscal incidence analyses in Brazil and the US, including direct cash and food … in Brazil and the fact that Brazil’s highly progressive cash and food transfer programs are small while larger transfer …

This paper examines the redistributive impact of fiscal policy for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru and … policy increases poverty in Brazil and Colombia (over and above market income poverty) due to high consumption taxes on basic … effect of net indirect taxes is unequalizing in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia and South Africa. Total spending on education is …