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Starting on 1 May 2004, 11 countries in Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and in the Baltics (EU11) joined the … European Union (EU) in three consecutive waves. Half a generation later, and a full generation after the start of transition in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012653241
This chapter looks into the impact of EU membership on the carbon intensity of EU11 economies since joining the EU. EU … membership boosted foreign trade and FDI, leading to a rapid re-industrialization of EU11 and making them the fastest converging … group of upper-middle-income countries in the world. Nevertheless, EU11 economies maintained their previously established …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012653280