This paper studies the trade of China in the past 150 years, starting from the first opening of China after the Opium … War. The main purpose of the paper is to identify what is (and was) China's 'normal' level of foreign trade, and how these … levels changed under different trade regimes, from 1840 to the present. We present new evidence on China's foreign trade …

This paper investigates the institutional causes of China's Great Famine. It presents two empirical findings: 1) in …

This paper estimates the long run impact of famine on survivors in the context of China's Great Famine. To address …

factor costs, China's economic geography as it influences trade costs, as well as the degree of regional diversity in … China in the 19th century were relatively low …