Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of different parts (predictable and impact) of different types of speculative behavior (intraday speculation, medium-term speculation and long-term speculation) on future fluctuations in the underlying index. Design/methodology/approach:...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to deeply study and compare the dual and single hedging strategy, from the direct and cross hedging perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The authors not only first consider the dual hedge of integrated risks in this oil prices and foreign exchange...