When there is high information asymmetry between directors and managers, independent directors do not have enough information to perform their functions. Only when faced with a good internal information environment can such directors acquire enough information to provide advice and monitor...

This paper separates the amount of IPO underpricing (primary market underpricing) and overvaluation (secondary market overvaluation) from the value of an IPO’s initial return to evaluate the relative importance of these two factors and their main determinants. Using data on the IPOs of 948...