This is a retrospective view of an earlier paper published in City. I briefly revisit the main arguments of that paper, with special reference to (a) the resurgence of urban growth as the new cognitive-cultural economy has gathered steam in recent years; (b) the new division of labor that is...

I argue that three distinctive waves of urbanization can be recognized, each of them associated with a major historical phase of capitalist development. The leading edges of capitalism today can be typified in terms of a basic cognitive--cultural system of production that is transforming the...

In this response, I acknowledge that the theory of cognitive-cultural capitalism needs to pay more attention to problems of urban poverty. I also indicate how this theory provides critical insights into the Marxian idea of "general intellect."