Like most of International Institutions, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) considers universal access to finance as key to empowering disadvantaged people. Fitting into that context, this study aims to assess the accelerating role of digital technologies using mobile phone...

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has the potential to transform emerging economies to another developmental echelon by increasing productivity and improving future fluidity of innovation across various industries. Predictively, 4IR in emerging economies will come with newest...

Digital transformation, both omnipresent and influential, has deeply impacted various sectors with a particular focus on the economy. The introduction and adoption of tools that facilitate technological changes and online business practices have emerged as game changers. They have endowed...

This paper examines “fat tails puzzle” in the financial markets. Ignoring the rate of convergence in Central Limit Theorem (CLT) provides the “fat tail” uncertainty. In this paper, we provide a review of the empirical results obtained “fat tails puzzle” using innovative method of...

The experience of past financial market turmoil suggests that in addition to eroding investor wealth, the severe consequences of rare extreme market events can spillover and impair the broader real economies. In this context, this paper is an evaluation of the methodological and empirical...