This Perspective evaluates the possibility that emergency measures that countries are currently taking to mitigate the effects of the global financial crisis will give rise to liability under international investment law.

Decentralized smart sanctions are ever more used, e.g. against Russia. This enforcement system in international law may come into conflict with investment protection law (in contrast to UN sanctions). This Perspective explores under what factual circumstances and legal assumptions this may be...

Inspired by the UN General Principles of Business and Human Rights and based on the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, this Perspective discusses the Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration and how they fill existing gaps in (access to) remedies for victims and help businesses fulfil human...