After three decades of reform, state ownership still plays a significant if diminishing role in China's industrial sector. We survey studies that focus on the impact of reform on China's SOEs both during the early reform years from 1979 to 1992 and during the years of privatisation and...

The need to lay off redundant employees emerged as an important policy issue in urban China in the 1990s. The degree of over-manning can be estimated by comparing estimates of the marginal product of labor with estimates of the full wage, including bonuses, subsidies, and non-cash benefits. We...