societies. Using a framework based on the Europe 2005 benchmarking framework, the 28 EU members and candidate countries are …

is evaluated through structural adjustments of exports, and for catching-up economies (the EU-10 states) it may be … understood as the ability to close the structural gap to the most developed countries (here: the strongest EU member economy …: Germany). We analyse the evolution of the EU-10 nations’ exports specialization in the years 2000 and 2014, checking whether …