The article analyzes the beta‑convergence of the EU-10 countries and the EU-15 for 2004 and 2015 at four levels - the state, NUTS 1, NUTS 2 and NUTS 3. The strongest beta‑convergence is at the level of the EU-10 countries; however, the lower the level of the regional unit, the weaker the...

The objective of this paper is a presentation of results of an analysis of the Three Seas Initiative (TSI), whose participating countries (except Austria) treat it as a method of: a) reducing their dependence on crude oil and natural gas imports from Russia, thus increasing their energy...

When the countries of Central and Eastern Europe entered the European Union, they were given the opportunity to become transformed into knowledgebased societies, with modern, innovation-oriented economies which build their strength and competitiveness on the development of native technical...

The subject of this paper is four Balkan countries (Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, and Montenegro) that are determined to join the European Union. More particularly, it looks at their work towards accomplishing the political, legal and economic requirements for the EU. Thus, the legislation with...

The aim of the article is to present the effects of selected activities implemented at the global, European and regional levels within the idea of sustainable development. Of particular importance here is the presentation of activities undertaken at the level of the Lodz region (one of the...