Various Computational Intelligence (CI) tools have been devised to depict the essential learning or adapting processes people adopt when they are making decisions. If the learning process people possess is indeed well described by some CI algorithms, then there arise an interesting question:...

Using GP with lambda abstraction module mechanism to generate technical trading rules based on S&P 500 index, we find strong evidence of excess returns over buy-and-hold after transaction cost on the testing period from 1989 to 2002. The rules can be interpreted easily; each uses a combination...

Blume and Easly [1992] show that if agents have the same savings rule, an expected discounted logarithmic utility maximizer with correct beliefs will dominate. If no agent adopts this rule, then agents with incorrect beliefs, but equally averse to risk as logarithmic utility maximizers, may...

Motivated from the charting analysis in the financial industry, Chen and He (2003) are the first to use self-organizing maps to search for and identify price patterns. Such a model is referred to as the trajectory-domain model (TDM). Chen and Tsao (2003) apply the TDMs to three American stock...