The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the...

Historisch niedrige Inflationsraten und Warnungen vor Deflation gehen in den großen Industrieländern mit Exzessen auf den Finanzmärkten einher. Um Wachstum und Inflation wiederzubeleben, werden im Zuge der quantitativen Lockerung die Zentralbankbilanzen aufgeblasen, ohne dass es zum einem...

The paper identifies based on the monetary overinvestment theories by Wicksell (1898), Mises (1912) and Hayek (1929) monetary policy mistakes in large industrial countries issuing international currencies. It its argued that a neglect towards monetary policy reform in a world dominated by...

Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years. This is mainly due to the ongoing trend towards digitalization, but there are also indications that consumers were somewhat pushed into cashless payments by government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial...