volumes of France and Germany so as to explain their individual industrial competitiveness strategies – price or quality … 1991 and 2010), we use an import demand equation to compare the relative product performances of France and Germany vis …-à-vis their foreign competitors in contrast to German products. Germany adopts better quality competitive strategies, thus …

This article explores the gender biases of recessions and policy responses they have entailed in France and Germany in … the 2000s. During the Great Recession, France experienced a significant rise in both female and male unemployment. Germany … impaired by austerity measures and structural reforms, especially in Germany. While recovery plans and labour market policies …