The purpose of this paper is to address one of the most Fundamental Freedom and Human Rights the protection of privacy, particularly under the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights as interpreted by the Strasbourg institutions and by national courts. Article 8 of the Convention...

The aim of the reforms introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon was to simplify and make more transparent the system of Union legal sources and that of the decision-making procedures. This paper examines that how the system of Union legal sources and that of the previous legislative and...

The international financial system has achieved a radical change in the last twenty years. From the so called Commodity Exchange, which is recognized as the origin of the financial system and even of the derivative one by the economic literature since 1500, to Black & Scholes (1973a) and...