Recent episodes of de-monetization show that private credit can be a substitute for money. This paper studies the conditions of money circulation when non-circulating private debts (IOUs) can be a substitute for money. I first present a simple model of inside money where money circulates if and...

The diversity of the labor factor in France evolves with some clear trends. This paper studies the implication for growth theory of the dynamics of the division of labor. Two causalities are introduced into a growth model with an endogenous evolution of the diversity of both factor, capital and...

This paper presents a theoretical and empirical study of the differentiation of labor. It is based on the relation between the division of labor existing within firms and the differentiation of the firms themselves, according to the tasks performed by their workers. The internal division of...