The cleaning up costs after closure of chemical or nuclear plants are large. They have to be taken into account in the production costs and in the pricing of the corporate, owner of such plants. Moreover, it is necessary to create a reserve account to cover these future large and long term...

Environmental protection by both private and puplic organizations has become a major stake for the various actors of society. However, this problem sets up technical difficulties at various levels. In particular, how much does the protection of the environment cost and how are driven related...