This paper investigates the role that INTERPOL surveillance Ӡthe Mobile INTERPOL Network Database (MIND) and the Fixed INTERPOL Network Database (FIND) Ӡplayed in the War on Terror since its inception in 2005. MIND/FIND surveillance allows countries to screen people and documents...

This paper investigates the relationship between linguistic polarization and conflict in the Basque Country. During the 40 years of Francoٳ dictatorship the use of the Basque language was banned. Therefore, there may be some linguistic roots underlying the conflict in the Basque Country. We...

Building on Item Response Theory we introduce students٠optimal behavior in multiple-choice tests. Our simulations indicate that the optimal penalty is relatively high, because although correction for guessing discriminates against risk-averse subjects, this effect is small compared with the...

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, vol. 86, issue 4, pp. 1034-1036.

Revised: 2006-05.-- Published as an article in: Journal of Population Economics, 2007, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 165-179.

Published as an article in: European Economic Review, 2008, vol. 52, issue 1, pages 1-27.

Published as an article in: The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 2004, vol. 44, issue 2, pages 224-236.

Published as an article in: Journal of International Money and Finance, 2010, vol. 29, issue 6, pages 1171-1191.

A disadvantage of multiple-choice tests is that students have incentives to guess. To discourage guessing, it is common to use scoring rules that either penalize wrong answers or reward omissions. These scoring rules are considered equivalent in psychometrics, although experimental evidence has...