We provide a discipline for beliefs formation through a model of subjective beliefs, in which agents hold incorrect but strategic beliefs. More precisely, we consider beliefs as a strategic variable that agents can manipulate to maximize their utility from trade. Our framework is therefore an...

The theory of asset pricing, which takes its roots in the Arrow-Debreu model, the Black and Scholes formula, has been famalized in a framework by Harrison and Kreps (1979), harrison and Pliska (1979) and Kreps (1981). In these models, securities markets are assumed to be frictionless. The main...

Les divergences des analystes dans leurs prévisions des résultats futurs des entreprises est un fait. De manière plus générale, la divergence d'opinion des investisseurs quant à l'évolution future des cours boursiers ou des fondamentaux de l'économie est largement étayée dans la...