, state-level smoking bans were gradually introduced in all of Germany's sixteen federal states. We exploit this variation in …-in-differences estimates show thatthe introduction of smoke-free legislation in Germany did not change average smoking behavior within the …

traits using a school reform carried out at the state level in Germany as a quasi-natural experiment. Starting in 2001 …, academic-track high school (Gymnasium) was reduced from nine to eight years in most of Germany's federal states, leaving the … point to important heterogeneous effects. In addition to differences between East and West Germany, we find that male …

examine this assertion for Germany, a welfare state with a relative generous means-tested social minimum and high marginal tax …

this conflict. In 2007, Germany put into effect a new parental leave benefit (Elterngeld). The related reform increased the … duration in Germany. We draw on representative survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) from 2002 through …