-a-vis the core EU member states (EU-15) over the period 1990-2006. Specifically, we focus on whether there is a shift towards …

We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …

of enlargement, to challenges for macroeconomic policy both at the EU level and in the new member countries to the state …

This paper reviews the main features of the banking and financial sector in ten new EU members, and then examines the …