Germany reveals that start-up activities are positively influenced by unemployment rates and that the cyclical component of …

and the entire euro area (20 percent). For Germany and France the gains seem to be lower, but are nevertheless substantial …

Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification … employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger … increase of solo self-employment and of self-employment in former socialist East Germany …

entrepreneurship in Germany between 1991 and 2010, the first two decades after reunification. We investigate the socioeconomic … increase in self-employment in Germany by 40 percent which can partly be attributed to the transformation process of East … Germany and to the shift to the service sector. We notice a yearly start-up rate of 1 percent among the working population …

Euro area countries and Japan are confronted with similar challenges. Potential output is on a falling trend in the … euro area, and the decrease started well before the financial crisis. In Japan, low output growth is a striking feature … driven policies is rather limited, especially in Japan. Instead, structural reforms are on the agenda to promote long run …