affect poverty assessments and poverty lines. We address the disadvantage that poor households may suffer due to their …, as it seems to have a substantial quantitative impact on the measurement of poverty. We also suggest that future research … poverty and may guide anti-poverty policies …

-temporal changes in poverty from year 1978 to 2003. Results are decomposed by region and household types, and the bootstrap method is … have the highest poverty risk. Most striking is a huge regional divide in poverty which only narrows slightly over the … period under investigation: the incidence and the intensity of poverty are substantially higher in the New states. A …