We model simultaneous inter and within identity-group conflict in two territories connected by cross-territorial spill … higher efficiency of a group in inter-group conflict. We find that inter-group and total conflict move together within a … territory, while within-group conflict and output move in the opposite direction. A unilateral increase in cross-border spill …

, impact on distribution via the joint determination of class conflict between workers and employers, and 'ethnic' conflict … alone, appears insufficient to temper ethnic conflicts among workers. -- Class conflict ; ethnic conflict ; living wage …