conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The impact of the conflict on Russia may have been amplified by sanctions imposed by … rates, oil prices, actual and unanticipated sanctions, we provide evidence on the driving forces of the Ruble exchange rate … sanctions matter for the conditional volatility of the variables involved. …

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 resulted in bilateral economic sanctions imposed by … Russia and Western countries, including the members of the euro area (EA). The paper investigates the impact of sanctions on … the real side of the economy of Russia and the EA. Using an index that measures intensity of sanctions the effects of …

This paper examines the impact of coalitions on the economic costs of the 2012 Iran and 2014 Russia sanctions. By … sanctions potential - the maximum welfare change attainable - when sanctions are scaled vertically, i.e. across sectors up to an … Russia inflicted considerable economic harm, yielding 32-37% of the vertical sanctions potential. Our key finding is that …