Energy sectors-primarily power generation and gas production, but also energy transmission and distribution-require significant capital investment in infrastructure. Market structures as well as the degree of competition and regulation are key factors that determine firms' incentive to invest....

Calls for democratization have been a new landmark of the current decade. Protestations and revolutions demanding political change and democratic reforms have spread across most of the Middle East and North Africa. Yet, the origins and the determinants of success of these movements remain...