member states are shrinking and getting older. This holds for Sweden and above all for Germany. Due to OECD figures the share … of the ones 65 and over of the total population in West Germany has risen from 10.8% in 1960 to 16.2% in 1997 and it is … 1994 and Germany with its Pansion reform act in 1999 which passed the parliament in 1997. This distinction is important …

only one reason of this decline. In this study we follow the new growth theory and develop and com-pare indicators for the … educational and R&D systems of the U.S. and Germany. In this line, we show that on average the German system can compete with the …

with and without apprenticeship training. I find evidence for the Krugman hypothesis when Germany is compared to the U …