economics of payments …

scenarios. In the first scenario, all payments from Tranche 1, which are considered time-critical, are settled in a pure RTGS … payment stream, while less time-critical Tranche 2 payments are settled in a payment stream with LSMs. In the second scenario …, we settle all payments (Tranches 1 and 2) in the LSM stream. Our results show that when there is ample liquidity …

. Two functional units were used: 1) cumulative cash payments in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2) the average single cash …, by taking both the impact of banknotes and coins into account. The total environmental impact of cash payments in 2015 …

, corresponding to over half of all point-of-sale payments in that year. This study provides insights into the environmental impact of … literature study. Seven key companies and authorities within the debit card system such as the Dutch Payments Association, two … of debit card transactions in the Netherlands is relatively modest compared to the impact of cash payments, which are the …

simulations show that these two factors are significant determinants of the high shares of low-value cash payments in Canada …