essentially ignored. This is the lesson of our model which combines Ricardian trade with the potential for appropriation under …

models, which are static and preclude defense and appropriation. The agents jointly determine price through their export …, appropriation cost, and when the future becomes more important, and increases with defense cost, production cost, and usability of … appropriation. Increasing the usability of appropriation and defense cost causes a transition from pure exchange via joint exchange …