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Does defence spending impede economic growth? : cointegration and causality analysis for Pakistan
Shahbaz, Muhammad; Afza, Talat; Shahbaz Shabbir, Muhammad - In: Defence and peace economics 24 (2013) 2, pp. 105-120
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009769755
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Should Portuguese economy invest in defense spending? : a revisit
Shahbaz, Muhammad; Leitão, Nuno Carlos; Uddin, … - In: Economic modelling 35 (2013), pp. 805-815
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010338319
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Does trade openness affect long run growth? : cointegration, causality and forecast error variance decomposition tests for Pakistan
Shahbaz, Muhammad - In: Economic modelling 29 (2012) 6, pp. 2325-2339
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009673741
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Trade openness-carbon emissions nexus : the importance of turning points of trade openness for country panels
Shahbaz, Muhammad; Nasreen, Samia; Ahmed, Khalid; … - In: Energy economics 61 (2017), pp. 221-232
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011737757