This paper provides causal evidence on long-term consequences of Jewish expulsions in Nazi Germany on the educational … residing in Germany before the Nazi Regime with individual survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Our … identification strategy exploits the plausibly exogenous city-by-cohort variation in the Jewish population in Germany as a unique …

opportunities. Referring conflicting theoretical arguments, we hypothesize that in Germany – as a conservative welfare state – women …

. Using data from West Germany, we find that women have witnessed relative increases in non-routine analytic tasks and non …