to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

pandemic hit, a substantial share of EU households reported that they would be unable to handle unexpected expenses. In some EU … countries, many households had savings equivalent to just a few weeks of basic consumption. • We find that one in three EU … measures put in place across the EU are intended to provide economic help to those households where members have lost jobs or …

United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They … considers how the EU and its member states can better protect European economic sovereignty in a range of areas, including state … area, we recommend ways to improve the EU’s capacity to wield economic power, without advocating increased protectionism or …

and 75 percent of Russian FDI stock. This points to a Russian dependence on European investment, making the EU paramount … for Russian medium-term growth. Even if we consider "phantom" FDI that transits through Europe, the EU remains the primary … major obstacle to investment in recent years. The EU’s pledge to decarbonise places Russia in a difficult situation because …

discrepancies between EU countries: countries with the same levels of house-price overvaluation have adopted very different … the next recession or reducing its impact, we argue that EU policymakers need to be better prepared to use discretionary …