to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They … considers how the EU and its member states can better protect European economic sovereignty in a range of areas, including state … area, we recommend ways to improve the EU’s capacity to wield economic power, without advocating increased protectionism or …

African countries have seen insufficient growth in their exports to the EU, and have undergone only limited diversification …. In the meantime, the EU’s exports to North Africa have grown quite rapidly. Economic growth in North Africa has been well … short of what is needed to reduce chronic under-employment, especially of young people. The EU trade agreements with North …

EU accession and the global boom facilitated rapid economic recovery in the Western Balkans and boosted economic and … of reform and progress towards EU accession.The European Commission in February 2018 set an indicative deadline (2025 …) for admission to the EU of the two most advanced candidates - Serbia and Montenegro. This could incentivise all Western …

The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU's energy system … repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas …-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border …