The purpose of this book is to present a theory of technical systems that can help us better understand the demands technology places on organizations. New technologies in general require new patterns of activity and reward some patterns over others. Quoting Brian Arthur:"When a novel technology...

Spurred by the success of the IBM PC, in the early 1980s, a new form of organization—the digital platform ecosystem—became common in all industries that used digital technology. Digital platform ecosystems were vertically distintegrated organizations, characterized by distributed governance,...

Moore’s Law is the prediction that transistor densities of semiconductor chips will double, speeds double, and prices drop by half approximately every eighteen months to two years. The Law lies at the heart of the high rates of technical change observed in the computer, communication and...

The purpose of this chapter is to explore variation among organizations employing mass production technology. To allow for an apples-to-apples comparison, I examine organizations using essentially the same technologies, making similar products, and competing in the same markets. Specifically, I...

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate a hybrid organizational form—open source projects with substantial corporate support and staffing. I begin by asking why corporations would find it in their interest to use and modify open source code and why they might then contribute code back to...

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze open source software development projects as a form of organization responsive to the requirements and rewards of software as a technology. Open source development is a collaborative method of designing software (and other complex artifacts)...

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze software development as a technology, that is, a process that utilizes phenomena in the material world to achieve a human purpose. What tasks are needed to make a software program? How does software development compare to the other technologies we have...

The purpose of this book is to present a theory of technical systems that can help us better understand the demands technology places on organizations. New technologies in general require new patterns of activity and reward some patterns over others. Quoting Brian Arthur:"When a novel technology...

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the complementary elements of a logistical platform and show how they can work together to deliver a high ROIC. A secondary purpose of the chapter is to illustrate the power and limitations of a strategy of value capture based exclusively on ROIC.I use...

The purpose of this chapter is to understand how technology contributed to the emergence and evolution of modular production networks between 1980 and the present. In a modular production network, the activities needed to create a functioning system (for example, a personal computer) are...