For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management … worse managed than those in several other developed countries. We also find substantial variation in management practices … product market competition and higher worker skills are associated with better management practices. Less regulated labor …

We use an innovative methodology to measure management practices in over 300 manufacturing firms in the UK. We then … match this management data to production and energy usage information for establishments owned by these firms. We find that … relation to other factor inputs. This is quantitatively substantial: going from the 25th to the 75th percentile of management …