All Annex B parties but Russia, Australia and USA, have ratified the Kyoto Protocol so far. It is still an open … question whether Russia will ratify and secure that the Protocol enters into force. This paper therefore analyzes consequences … Protocol. Environmentally, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol without participation from Russia and Ukraine is obviously …

Gazprom, the dominant gas company in Russia, is widely believed to be the key supplier of gas to Europe in the …