All Annex B parties but Russia, Australia and USA, have ratified the Kyoto Protocol so far. It is still an open … question whether Russia will ratify and secure that the Protocol enters into force. This paper therefore analyzes consequences … Protocol. Environmentally, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol without participation from Russia and Ukraine is obviously …

Russian national welfare. Results show that under the current gas market structures in Europe and Russia, the split-up of … Gazprom's monopoly might not be beneficial for Russia. The market share of Russia in the European market is important in …