carbon tax. In this paper, we consider and compare the enforcement problems associated with a tax regime and a cap …-and-trade regime, respectively. The paper tries to convey two main points. First, both types of regime require an effective enforcement … political process leading up to its adoption tends to water down the enforcement mechanism to a point where it no longer has …

elements of most monitoring and enforcement practices: self-reporting, audit frequency and specific deterrence. I find evidence …-audits. Announcing the increased audit frequency has no effect on compliance, but an audit raises the firm's subsequent compliance …

compliance incentives and social welfare in the presence of incomplete enforcement and technology adoption. We show that if the … TEPs induce lower abatement, investment, and expected enforcement costs. Therefore, the overall ranking depends on the …

supposed to monitor. Using these shifts in sanction severity we also estimate the effectiveness of increasing enforcement on …

This paper analyzes the causes for regulatory compliance using traditional deterrence variables and potential moral and …